After World War II that fatalism became a culturally specific stereotype through out the world. Nikkatsu has since found another renaissance in Japanese film culture. Nikkatsu. An audience beckoning for something fast moving, jazzy and action packed. They include Naomi Tani (1974–1979), Junko Mabuki (1980–1981), Izumi Shima (1982–1983), Nami Matsukawa (1983), Miki Takakura (1983–1985), and Ran Masaki (1985-1986). They were perfectly suited for the cultural attitude passing through the modern audiences in Japan. Wind Velocity 75 Meters(1963) 6. Fatalism has always been attributed to Japanese society since before the war. was established by the merger of four film companies: 1993 applied for Corporate Reorganization Act. It was the heyday of entertainment and art in Japan. They have a final gunfight guided by their morals codes of conduct. These are the characteristics one sees in the films of the Nikkatsu studio during the late Fifties and in to the Sixties. So says Jean Douchet in his article about the influence of the French new wave . Japanese films were starting to take a stand against the more sensitive in-touch actors that their American counter parts were sending to their shores. Jess Franco or Joe D'Amato). This extraordinary film from the Nikkatsu studio ‘Roman porn’ series is a subversive mood piece with an unforgettably wistful atmosphere. Ownership . Myao, Daisuke. It could even be called a resonance of pop art and modern ideals. Color, detail and celluloid texture are all spot-on. Films produced by Nikkatsu. Through the company’s outstanding history with a library of over 5000 films, Nikkatsu has unrivaled experience in film production, offering a diverse slate with a mix of genres, talent and budget – ranging from action, human drama, horror, family entertainment and art house masterpieces. distributor. Nikkatsu or "NIKKATSU CORPORATION" is a film and tv company production, a distribution company that started in japan in 1912-1928, they originally made romantic type films. Taschen: Los Angelas. Like all pink films the major theme is sex, but there is plenty of violence involved as well. Gamera v… 1912 Nippon Katsudō Shashin K.K. Format/Description: Video 3 videodiscs (541 min.) It was, however, during the late fifties and sixties that this essay will discuss; the height of Nikkatsu’s distinct style and youthful assertion with a new Japanese audience. Duncan, Paul (Ed.). Over the last few years, Japan’s box office has been dominated by TV network-produced films, which are staffed by their own production crews — a trend that many in the industry believe is shutting out new directors. However, Nikkatsu has since bounced back in a big way, producing and distributing everything from prestigious historical dramas to the most extreme films of a midnight madness program. Experiencing only a few Nikkatsu films one can see a great Film Noir aesthetic flowing through their productions. By the end of Seijen’s Branded to Kill the hero finds himself literally in a boxing ring with his final enemy. The Films are as much film noir influenced from European cinema in a pre-war world and used as the primary narrative front runner in many of the films as they are avant-garde structured movies (Miyao, 199). During World War II, the government ordered the ten film companies that had formed by 1941 to consolidate into two. is a nine-film series of pink films made mostly by the Nikkatsu Corporation between 1978 and 1994. The inclusion of sex as apparent in Crazed Fruit (1965) or Branded to Kill created an aura of sexuality quite rare in films and was as much a defiance of censorship as it was a sexual awakening taking place in the youth of Japan and many other civilized countries (Anderson, 265). Nikkatsu, Japan’s oldest major film studio that nurtured the careers of directors such as Shohei Imamura and Seijun Suzuki, produced over 500 Nikkatsu Action genre films beginning in the mid-1950s, of which Suzuki's Tokyo Drifter and Branded to Kill may be the best known. The rain drenched atmosphere, the suicidal female role and the male hero driven to a fatalistic ending. 1. Unlike “ pinku eiga “, Nikkatsu’s films were produced with relatively high budgets and production values, as well as featuring mainstream actresses, many of whom also starred in network television and nationally released film dramas. Many of these Japanese films had very limited or art-house showings in the States. Nikkatsu declared bankruptcy in 1993. Today Nikkatsu releases films from all sorts of genres. The Nikkatsu films are as much film noirs as they are experimental; and are as much American homage as they are culturally specific representations of youth culture. 1996 acquired by a Japanese leisure company, This page was last edited on 6 January 2021, at 15:01. Here’s an essay and a collection of films I wrote on the Japanese film studio Nikkatsu and the series of films it made during the Sixties and early Seventies. 26-28. Diary of a Shinjuku Thief (Nagisa Oshima, 1968) The third film from Oshima on this list, “Diary of a Shinjuku Thief” contains fewer erotic elements but enough pinky elements to be considered a pink film. Films produced by Nikkatsu. The Nikkatsu Corporation is a Japanese entertainment company formed in 1912 and well known for its film and television productions. [13], sfn error: no target: CITEREFGalbraith_IV1994 (, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, "Kyusaku Hori, President of Nikatsu Films, and secretary Hideomi Mori at airport, California, February 20, 1951", "Acclaimed Documentarian Yves Montmayeur Launches 'Pinku Eiga: Inside the Pleasure Dome Of Japanese Erotic Cinema' ", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nikkatsu&oldid=998680764, Former Bandai Namco Holdings subsidiaries, Articles containing Japanese-language text, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from April 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2018, Articles with Japanese-language sources (ja), Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz label identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. The films were based on the manga series by Takashi Ishii. Pink films dominated the Japanese film market through 1960s to the 1980s. Service. Suzuki made dozens of films for Nikkatsu from 1956 onwards, developing an increasingly inventive visual style, but was controversially fired following the release of his 40th, Branded to Kill (1967), which Hori deemed "incomprehensible". Excerpt: The Nikkatsu Roman Porno films were a popular, critically respected, financially successful and award-winning series of mainstream, theatrical Japanese softcore pornographic films produced by the movie studio Nikkatsu from November, 1971, until May, 1988. The first two films in the Godzilla series were produced in 1954 and 1955, and were followed by a seven-year hiatus during whic… This essay will divide up the many aspects of Nikkatsu films’ characteristics; from Film noir, to avant-garde and experimental to the influences of the French nouvelle vogue. A few, including the film directors Yasuharu Hasebe, Keiichi Ozawa, Shōgorō Nishimura, and Koreyoshi Kurahara, stayed. One only has to look at many Seijun films like Branded to Kill or Tokyo Drifter (1968) to see the avant-garde and pop art aesthetic used in its presentation and narrative (Rayns, 27). July, 1945: Japan's army is on the run. This is a list of the films in that series. 24. [T]he first phase of The Sushi Typhoon's films will be released in late 2010 and early 2011, with the company self-distributing their titles in North America. The term Film Noir was coined by the French and made its way from film to film until its style of conveying fatalistic narratives, femme fatales, chiaroscuro lighting and deep focus photography was felt in many films from black and white to Technicolor (Silver and Ursini, 11). They contracted Japan’s rising new filmmakers and were used to great effect. 幸いにも再起し製作を再開した 日活 に入社。 His legitimate son, Taketaro GOTO served as the first president of Nippon Katsudo Film company (the predecessor of Nikkatsu ). Alastair Phillips and Julien Stringer .New York: Routledge, 2007, pp. Experimental avant-garde cinema would hit one of its hey-days in the sixties with the emergence of modern art (something film and filmmaking would play an intricate part in). In 1971, the major studio Nikkatsu entered the pink film genre. Both of those Seijun films use a gangster (Yakuza) themed narrative, filled with murder, violence, chases and sex. They were men in touch with the physicality of their body and not the importance of the mind. [1] The studio also employed such stars as Yujiro Ishihara, Akira Kobayashi, Joe Shishido, Tetsuya Watari, Ruriko Asaoka, Chieko Matsubara and, later, Meiko Kaji and Tatsuya Fuji. Daiei founder Masaichi Nagata, a former Nikkatsu employee, counter-proposed that three companies be formed and the suggestion was approved. The anti or sensitive heroes of 1950’s American films harbored an interesting influence in the iconic persona Inshihara Yujiro’s dandy hero (Raine, 207). Nikkatsu Roman Porno movies were once all the rage in Japan. Schwarzacher, Lukas “Spotlight: Japan: Nikkatsu at 90: Studio Returns to Form After Seeing Softer Days” Variety 388:5 (16 September 2002-22 September 2002): pp. Dark shadows, youthful sensibilities, deadly Gangsters, modern idealism and foreboding film noir atmosphere. The advent of home video brought an end to active production at Nikkatsu. American Influence after the War: The reformed Nikkatsu continued to prosper as an exhibition company but ceased all film production. Angel Guts (天使のはらわた Tenshi no Harawata?) Nikkatsu is now largely associated with its torrent of erotic films released en masse from 1971 when the company launched its Roman Porno brand as a reaction to the crisis then hitting the film industry. The Western showdown among modern day hoods. Nikkatsu films often scattered gratuitous foreigners in the background of shots, but Crazed Fruit turns the novel’s anti-Americanism into a cultural style. Nikkatsu was founded on September 10, 1912, when several production companies and theater chains, Yoshizawa Shōten, Yokota Shōkai, Fukuhōdō and M. Pathe, consolidated under the name Nippon Katsudō Shashin. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Shareholders are Nippon Television Holdings (35%) and SKY Perfect JSAT Corporation (28.4%).[2]. These effects and hybridity that New wave films from France were utilizing were not only felt in their home country but around the world. The Nikkatsu produced films showcased this fatalistic attitude through their male body-minded protagonists (Raine, 206). The films Nikkatsu produced during this time were elemental sums of all genres, mixed in to a hybrid version of B-grade films. The Nikkatsu produced films showcased this fatalistic attitude through their male body-minded protagonists (Raine, 206). Influence of Genre Films: [clarification needed] It employed such notable film directors as Shozo Makino and his son Masahiro Makino. Japanese filmmakers have made some of the greatest films of the world in this genre. The Demon of Mount Oe (1960) 3. Starting in 1971, homosexually-oriented magazines began to appear, including Barazoku. This goes beyond the mainstream narrative stages so widely accepted in North American films and established a new form of masculinity that represented a male effeminacy only hinted at in the more Hollywood films staring Brando or Clift. The waiter at the Blue Sky nightclub thinks Frank, played by Danish-Japanese actor Masumi Okada, … In conclusion, these films made between the late 1950’s and in to the late 60’s were calling cards to cinematic discourses of the past and, at the same time, addresses of the modern Japanese audience. Kujira Gami(1962) 5. His character and persona were much like Yujiro’s was only a few years earlier. This hybrid identity and incorporation of all of these factors make a series of films by very talented and young (at the time) filmmakers fascinating studies in film. The name Nikkatsu amalgamates the words Nippon Katsudō Shashin, literally "Japan Motion Pictures". The influence that American Postwar culture had on Japan by the late Fifties and in to the Sixties was met with a more defying attitude. While all the Showa Godzilla films (except All Monsters Attack) share continuity with each other, the Showa Godzilla series can generally be divided into three distinct cycles of films. Other Title: Outlaw gangster V.I.P. By 1971 the increased popularity of television had taken a heavy toll on the film industry and in order to remain profitable Nikkatsu turned to the production of Roman Porno (from the French word 'roman' for 'novel' and the English word 'porno') and pinku eiga or pink films, which focus on sex, violence, S&M and romance. Gamera (1965) 7. 1954: Nikkatsu restarts production at a new studio in the Tokyo suburb of Chofu. A film which its very title evokes the sound of a western or adventure picture. Nikkatsu is an independent film production company.. ContentsFilms produced by Nikkatsu Edit The French nouvelle vogue could not have been possible without the American influence of films that came in after the war and American Film noir could not have been possible without the French, who coined the term. Makino and Onoe made almost a hundred films together from the 1910s to 1926, when the actor died. Frustrated, Isao invents all sorts of stratagies to disgust Ikuko´s ... (1972) Retaliation. [citation needed] Director Shōhei Imamura began his career there and between 1958 and 1966 made for them such notable films as Pigs and Battleships (1961), The Insect Woman (1963) and The Pornographers (1966). 16-18. However, its form is a hybrid of experimental and film noir much like the Breathless (1960) by Goddard or any number of New wave classics. [citation needed], The company made a few samurai films and historical dramas but by 1960 had decided to devote its resources to the production of urban youth dramas, comedy, action and gangster films. “ATG’s Early Years and Underground Cinema”. 1st Logo (Late 1920's) They hold a precise place in the cinematic history of Japan and the genre pictures of world cinema. Experiencing a few scenes in Branded to Kill like the montage of sequences of torture by fire or any of the chase sequences and one has a feeling that the sequencing of shots and editing are not mainstream or linear in any regard (Miyao, 200). 17-26. It is Japan's oldest major movie studio,[1] founded in 1912 during the silent film era. Gamera vs. Barugon (1966) 9. The films delivered but also delivered on something more layered. The committee formed to establish the value of each company retaliated by purposefully undervaluing Nikkatsu, which led to Shinkō becoming the dominant head of production. [10] The Sushi Typhoon arm of Nikkatsu creates low-budget horror, science fiction, and fantasy films aimed at an international audience. Tormented by his first sexual stirrings, the teenager Isao dreams every night of his gym teacher Ikuko. In Nikkatsu he made three groundbreaking films: Pigs and Battleships (1961), The Insect Woman (1963), and Intentions of Murder (1964). The academy award winning filmed Departures was produced in conjunction with Nikkatsu under Namco Ltd. Who bought them in 1997 (Ibid). Nikkatsu gained fame in the 1960's when they produced big-budget films about yakuza, and they gained even more fame in Japan when they released adult films such as the Roman Porn series of films. Dark shadows, youthful sensibilities, deadly Gangsters, modern idealism and foreboding film noir atmosphere. The reformed Nikkatsu continued to prosper as an exhibition company but ceased all film production. The explanation is best suited to be described as a hybrid. The culture of American films, music, magazines and celebrities had burrowed their way in to the youth of Japan. PRODUCTION. They were concentrating more on the body than the mind and were tapping in to the experimental culture of youth in Japan. It also witnessed the emergence of such new directors as Tatsumi Kumashiro, Masaru Konuma and Chūsei Sone. Nikkatsu's latest production strategy includes a special focus on international co-productions. Anderson, Joseph, I. and Richie, Donald. For the first time on DVD Arts Magic bring us … The characters in these films can be attributed to many of the heroes bound by Westerns in the states. Between 1974 and 1986, Nikkatsu promoted a number of their leading Roman Porno actresses of the popular BDSM niche under the epithet "SM Queen" (SMの女王, SM no joō). [11], In 2011, the French director Yves Montmayeur produced a documentary about the Pink Film period at Nikkatsu called Pinku Eiga: Inside the Pleasure Dome Of Japanese Erotic Cinema. By 2011, the company had produced seven feature films. [citation needed] The company began making movies again in 1954. This site is a tribute to the often INNOVATIVE, sometimesWILD, and always ENTERTAINING, cycle of action films produced by the Japanese studio, NIKKATSU, beginning in the late 1950's and continuing throughout the 1960's. I'm always impressed with the cinematography of these pictures as compared to these types of films being produced elsewhere (i.e. Suzuki Seijun, Takashi Nomura and Takumi Furukawa were all able to turn out quota quickies to hone their skills in which they would be able to utilize later on in their careers. : the complete collection Publication: [United States] : Arrow Films, 2016. The gunfighters of Westerns past no longer wore white as a representation of chivalry but for aesthetic presentation. Hope you find a few hidden gems in here you would have never have seen otherwise. The Nikkatsu Corporation (日活株式会社, Nikkatsu Kabushiki-gaisha) is a Japanese entertainment company known for its film and television productions. The Postwar film market in Japan was a sullen landscape filled with a hunger for new and more exciting films. Hirasawa, Go. Today Nikkatsu is a smaller and more focused organisation with an international perspective. was established by the merger of four film companies: Yoshizawa Shōten, Yokota Shōkai, Fukuhōdō and M. Pathe. While it kept making historical films, the studio produced films focusing on contemporary issues ( … These are the characteristics one sees in the films of the Nikkatsu studio during the late Fifties and in to the Sixties. 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Rising new filmmakers and actors to make their mark same American narrative conventions as other international flare made! Venerable 17-year Roman Porno, which deals with s & M themes, kinbaku! Film industry as more than just art house fair but of a film which its very title evokes the of... Run of great B-films original 2.35:1 ratio, anamorphically enhanced, and many stars and directors left company... Found another renaissance in Japanese film market through 1960s to the youth of Japan Hasebe, Keiichi,! Final gunfight guided by their morals codes of conduct 1945: Japan 's oldest major movie studio, 1... Distinguished pedigree an exhibition company but ceased all film production used to effect. It employed such notable film directors Yasuharu Hasebe, Keiichi Ozawa, Shōgorō Nishimura, and films... Were mainly produced by low-budget, independent filmmakers such as Kōji Wakamatsu been anamorphics! 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